Whether you’re deeply immersed in the world of Handpans or just starting to explore it, you’ve likely noticed the wide variety of scales available: D Kurd, Amara, La Sirena, Pygmy, Akebono, Equinox…
It’s undeniable that the names of Handpan scales are quite enigmatic, and understanding them all can be a challenge, especially if you’re new to this type of instrument.
Worry not, because at Handpan-Store, we’ll be here to guide you through the various scales on the Hang Drum!
Table of Contents
Introduction to the Commonly Used Scales for Tuning a Handpan
D Kurd Scale
The D Kurd scale, also known as D Minor, is one of the most popular and recognizable scales for the Handpan.
Its tuning revolves around the note D, typically following this sequence: D, A, Bb, C, D, E, F, G, A.
The D Kurd scale is defined by its deep, melancholic sound, evoking a bittersweet nostalgia. Its name originates from the Kurdish musical mode of the Middle East, though it closely resembles the Western minor scale. This scale’s combination of resonant low notes and rich mid-tones provides a broad emotional range, from dark and contemplative melodies to brighter and more playful passages.
On the Handpan, the D Kurd scale is especially valued for its ability to create an immersive atmosphere, making it ideal for meditation, relaxation, and deep musical exploration.
Watch a demo of the D Kurd scale being played on a Handpan:
Hijaz Scale
The Hijaz scale is one of the most distinctive and evocative scales originating from the Middle East. It is characterized by its initial large leap in intervals, followed by a sequence of smaller intervals, creating a striking contrast that evokes a sense of exoticism and mystery.
On the Handpan, the Hijaz scale is often tuned starting from the note C, with a typical sequence such as: C, D, Eb, F#, G, A, Bb, C. The augmented interval between Eb and F# is what gives the scale its unique and melancholic character.
Traditionally associated with classical Arabic music, the Hijaz scale has also found its way into genre fusions and modern musical explorations. On the Handpan, it offers a wide range of expressions, from melancholic melodies to livelier rhythms, making this tuning particularly popular among musicians seeking an oriental sound.
Watch a demo of the Hijaz scale being played on a Handpan:
Pygmy Scale
The Pygmy scale has its roots in the traditional melodies and rhythms of Central Africa, particularly from the Pygmy regions. It is known for its earthy and tribal tones that evoke nature and equatorial forests. On the Handpan, the Pygmy scale is often tuned starting from the note D, following a typical sequence like: D, A, C, D, E, F, G, A, C.
This scale’s structure offers a balanced blend of major and minor tones, allowing for a wide range of expressions, from soft, melancholic melodies to more percussive and playful rhythms. Its versatility makes it a popular choice among Handpan musicians, as it is well-suited for both introspective meditation and energetic performances. The atmosphere it creates is both ancient and timeless, echoing the deepest roots of music and tradition.
Watch a demo of the Pygmy scale being played on a Handpan:
Equinox Scale
The Equinox scale is a Handpan tuning that evokes a sense of balance and transition, much like the spring and autumn equinoxes, when day and night are of equal length. It typically begins on the note G, with a common sequence such as: G, B, C, D, E, F#, G, A, B.
This scale’s harmony is gentle and melodic, blending elements of both major and minor scales to create an atmosphere that is simultaneously joyful and contemplative. The Equinox scale is renowned for its ability to convey contrasting emotions, seamlessly transitioning between light, sunny melodies and more introspective, meditative tones.
On the Handpan, this tuning is cherished for its versatility, offering musicians a wide range of expressions, from energy and joy to introspection and inner peace.
Watch a demo of the Equinox scale being played on a Handpan:
Akebono Scale
The Akebono scale is a traditional Japanese pentatonic scale, admired for its simplicity and its ability to evoke peaceful and contemplative atmospheres. It is characterized by the absence of fourth and fifth intervals, which makes it unique and distinctly different from Western major and minor scales.
On the Handpan, the Akebono scale is often tuned starting from the note C, with a typical sequence like: C, D, Eb, G, Ab, C.
This scale creates a soundscape that is both melancholic and soothing. Its lack of leading notes, notes that create a tonal pull, allows for great freedom of expression, as there is no tonal tension driving from one note to the next.
The intervals between D and Eb, and as well as between G and Ab, give the scale its distinctive character. These semitones create a subtle tension that is immediately resolved, resulting in a sense of calm and resolution. This interplay of light tension and resolution is a key feature of the Akebono scale, lending it a contemplative and introspective quality.
The Akebono scale is highly valued in the Handpan community for its ethereal sound and its ability to create a meditative space. It is naturally suited for relaxation and meditation contexts.
Watch these demos of the Akebono scale being played on a Handpan:
La Sirena Scale
The La Sirena scale, meaning “The Mermaid” in Spanish, is a variation of the Dorian mode and is composed of six notes, making it a hexatonic scale. It is characterized by a blend of major and minor tonalities, creating an ambiance that is both romantic and dreamy.
This scale is highly versatile, allowing the Handpan to explore minor or major harmonies depending on the root notes chosen. It is originally constructed in E but can also be found in other tonalities such as D, Eb, F, F#, and G.
La Sirena offers a mystical sound that can evoke a sense of nostalgia, making it an appealing choice for those seeking a Handpan scale that provides both emotional depth and harmonic diversity.
Watch a demo of the La Sirena scale being played on a Handpan:
Annaziska Scale
The Annaziska scale on the Handpan is a variant in C# Minor (C# Aeolian), sometimes also referred to as “Aeolian” or “Natural Minor.” This scale gained significant popularity thanks to a viral video of Sam Maher playing it in a subway station.
As a complete diatonic minor scale, Annaziska offers a mysterious and meditative sound, capable of conveying dark and tense melodies, while also being well-suited for bright and uplifting tunes depending on the chords played. This versatility provides a wide range of sounds and numerous possibilities for musical exploration.
On the Handpan, the Annaziska scale is often played in C#, providing a seamless scale without missing intervals and a dark semitone at the lower end, making it perfect for crafting both simple and complex melodies. The typical notes in C# are: C# / G#, A, B, C#, D#, E, F#, G#. It is also regarded as one of the most diverse minor scales, particularly when played in D Minor or E Minor, where it is often referred to as “Kurd.”
The Annaziska scale is cherished for its unique sound, which can adapt to various modes of expression, making the Handpan even more appealing to musicians looking to explore new and captivating tonalities.
Magic Voyage Scale
The Magic Voyage scale is a sonic exploration that evokes a sense of mystical adventure and discovery. Typically tuned around the note D, its common sequence is: D, A, C, D, E, F#, G, A, C. The blend of major and minor notes creates an atmosphere that is both playful and melancholic, mirroring the ups and downs of an enchanting journey.
The resonant low notes add depth to the scale, while the mid and high notes provide an airy and luminous melody. On the Handpan, the Magic Voyage scale is ideal for musicians seeking to tell a story through their music, whether it be a modern fairy tale, a journey through exotic landscapes, or a personal quest for inner discovery.
Watch a demo of the Magic Voyage scale being played on a Handpan:
Aeolian Scale
The Aeolian scale, also known as the natural minor mode, is one of the seven modes of the diatonic scale. It is characterized by its deep and melancholic sound, often associated with introspective and contemplative emotions. On the Handpan, it is typically centered around the note E, with a common sequence: E, F, G, A, B, C, D, E.
This mode is defined by its interval structure: tone, semitone, tone, tone, semitone, tone, tone. The absence of accidentals (such as sharps or flats) gives the Aeolian scale a purity and simplicity that make it particularly effective in expressing sincere and authentic emotions.
On the Handpan, this scale is ideal for introspective compositions, musical meditations, and moments of reflection. Its universal sound makes it recognizable and appreciated across many musical genres, from folk ballads to classical pieces.
Watch these demos of the Aeolian scale being played on a Handpan:
Integral Scale
The Integral scale is a unique harmony that blends major and minor tonalities, offering a rich and diverse sonic palette. Typically tuned around the note D, a common sequence for this scale is: D, A, B, C, D, E, F#, G, A.
The combination of intervals in this scale creates an atmosphere that is both bright and contemplative, allowing for a wide range of musical expressions. The higher notes evoke a sense of optimism and joy, while the lower tones bring depth and introspection to the melody.
On the Handpan, the Integral scale is highly valued for its versatility. Whether for uplifting melodies or moments of deep meditation, this scale provides musicians with a vast array of creative opportunities, making each performance unique and unforgettable.
Watch a demo of the Integral scale being played on a Handpan:
The Best Scales for Choosing Your First Handpan
For beginners looking to purchase their first Handpan, the following scales are most commonly recommended:
- D Kurd
- Amara
- Annaziska
- Equinox
- Pygmy
These scales are tuned to naturally facilitate harmony between the instrument’s various sounds, making them easier to play and more beginner-friendly. In other words, it’s simpler to create beautiful melodies with these instrumental scales, which explains their immense popularity when choosing a first Handpan.
The Difference Between Minor and Major Scales
From a purely technical and musical perspective, the terms “major” and “minor” refer to specific modes or musical scales that differ in the intervals between their notes.
The most important distinction to understand between minor and major scales is the emotions they evoke:
- Major scales tend to have a brighter, joyful, and optimistic sound. Handpans tuned in major scales often produce melodies and harmonies associated with cheerful or serene atmospheres.
- Minor scales, on the other hand, are often perceived as more melancholic, somber, or serious. Handpans tuned in minor scales, such as the D Kurd, produce a deeper and more meditative sound, commonly used for relaxation, meditation, or introspective moods.
It’s worth noting that minor scales are the most commonly sold. This likely reflects the appeal of the Hang Drum to individuals seeking hypnotic, meditative, and introspective atmospheres, which explains the widespread popularity and success of minor scales.
432Hz vs 440Hz
- Handpan tuned to 440Hz:
This tuning ensures the notes resonate at a frequency of 440Hz, which is the current standard for most Western music. If you play this Handpan alongside other modern instruments (such as a piano or a classical guitar), they are likely tuned the same way, allowing for perfect harmonic compatibility. - Handpan tuned to 432Hz:
This tuning resonates at a slightly lower frequency, 432Hz. Many people believe that 432Hz is more in harmony with nature and possesses calming qualities, making it a preferred choice for holistic purposes such as meditation, relaxation, sound therapy, and spiritual practices.
To summarize, choose a 440Hz Handpan for traditional musical applications and seamless integration with other instruments. Opt for a 432Hz Handpan for holistic purposes, where the focus is on creating soothing and meditative experiences.
To conclude
There you have it! You now know all about the main scales and frequencies used to tune a Handpan.
The Handpan is a constantly evolving musical instrument, thanks to the boundless creativity of passionate artists and craftsmen around the world. As a result, you may discover other scales that are even more unique than the ones presented in this article.
And of course, if you’re considering acquiring a Handpan, don’t hesitate to explore all the models available in our store.